break in continuity of bone
- Traumatic-sustained due to excessive force-a qualified fracture usually means traumatic fracture
- Pathological-usually trivial-bone already weak by underlying disease
- Displaced fracture may occur due to fracturing force/muscle pull on fracture filaments/gravity-displacement may be shift/angulation/rotation
- Simple/closed
- Compound/open-
- internal compounding-piercing of sharp fracture end
- external compounding-lacreation+fracture from outside
- Transverse # fracture line perpendicular to long axis of bone, caused by tapping/bending force
- Oblique #line of # oblique, caused by a bending force which in addition has component along the long axis of the bone
- Comminuted #with miltiple fragments,caused by crushing/compression force along the long axis of the bone
- Segmental # two fractures in same bone@different levels
Fractures with Eponyms
- Monteggia #dislocation #proximal 1/3rd of ulna + dislocation of head of radius
- Galeazzi #dislocation # distal 1/3rd of radius with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint
- Night stick # isolated # shaft of ulna
- Colles' # occuring in adults@cortico-cancellous junction of distal end of radius + dorsal tilt & other displacements
- Smith's # occur in adults@cortico-cancellous junction of distal end of radius with ventral tilt & other displacements (reverse Colles')
- Barton's (marginal) # intra-articular# through distal articular surface of radius, taking a margin, anterior/posterior of the distal radius with the carpals displaced anteriorly/posteriorly
- Chauffeur's # intra-articular oblique # of styloid process of radius
- Bennet's # dislocation-oblique,intra-articular # of base of 1st metacarpal with sublaxation of trapezio-metacarpal joint
- Rolando # extra articular # of base of 1st metacarpal
- Boxer's # a ventrally displaced # through the neck of the 5th metacarpal-common in boxers
- Side swipe # an elbow injury, combination of #distal end of humerus with # proximal end of radius &/or ulna (baby car #)
- Bumper # comminuted depressed type-lateral condyle of tibia
- Pott's # bimalleolar ankle
- Cotton's # trimalleolar ankle
- Massonaise's # ankle with # neck of fibula
- Pilon # comminuted, depressed intra-articular # distal end of tibia
- Aviator's # neck of talus
- Chopart # dislocation # dislocation through inter tarsal joints
- Jone's # Avulsion # base of 5th metatarsal
- Jeffersen's # 1st cervical vertebra
- Whiplash Injury- cervical spine injury involving sudden flexion followed by hyperextension
- Chance # also called seat belt #, line of # runs horizontally through the body of vertebra through & through to the posterior elements
- March # fatigue # of shaft of 2nd & 3rd metatarsal
- Burst # comminuted # of vertebral body where fragments burst out in different directions
- Clay-Shoveller's # an avulsion # of spinous process of one or more of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebra
- Hangman's # pedicle & lalamina of C2 vertebra, with sublaxation of C2 over C3-sustained in hanging
- Dashboard # posterior lip # of acetabulum, often associated with posterior dislocation of hip
- Straddle # bilateral superior & inferior pubic rami #
- Malgaigne's # a type of pelvis # in which there is a combination of #s- pubic rami anteriorly & SI joint/ilium posteriorly, on the same side
- Mallet Finger- a finger flexed at the DIP joint d/t avulsion or rupture of extensor tendon@base of distal phallanx
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